Gig Worker Protection in Indonesia: Comparative Lessons and Policy Solutions
Keywords:
gig economy labor law social protection BPJS dispute resolutionAbstract
The gig economy has emerged as a significant contributor to Indonesia’s economic landscape, employing millions of online drivers, couriers, and freelancers. However, the absence of a dedicated legal framework places gig workers in a regulatory grey zone, limiting their access to social security, job protection, and dispute resolution. This paper examines legislative developments in Malaysia (Gig Workers Bill 2025), Singapore (Platform Workers Bill 2024), and the Philippines (POWERR Act), and compares them with Indonesia’s existing legal instruments such as the Manpower Law (Law No. 13/2003), the Omnibus Law on Job Creation (Law No. 11/2020), and BPJS regulations for informal workers. The study finds that Indonesia already has partial mechanisms—such as voluntary BPJS Ketenagakerjaan programs (JKK, JKM) and simplified business registration under the OSS system—that can serve as building blocks for comprehensive gig worker protection. The paper proposes three policy solutions: (1) formal recognition of gig workers as a distinct labor category under labor law; (2) mandatory contribution-sharing schemes between platforms and workers for BPJS social security, similar to Malaysia’s PERKESO model; and (3) establishment of a dispute resolution mechanism within the Industrial Relations Court or through a dedicated Gig Worker Tribunal. These measures aim to balance labor market flexibility with social protection, enhancing gig workers’ welfare and supporting sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.
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